Chris Cooper – 2,931 Words
Facebook @ CHRISTAL ANN RICE COOPER
“The Strongest Weapon:
“the ability to create”
February 12, 2013 marks the 40th anniversary of when over 140 Prisoners of War were released
from the Hoa Lo Prison, more famously known as the Hanoi Hilton Hotel in North
Vietnam. One of those POWs was John Borling, at the time a Captain and
fighter pilot in the United States Air Force. To commemorate the 40th anniversary, Master Wings Publishing has published
Borling’s book of poetry Taps on the Walls: Poems From the Hanoi
Hilton
by John Borling, Major General, USAF, Retired, with the foreword by
Senator John McCain.
What makes this book of poetry different from others is that
Borling mentally composed all of the poems and communicated these poems to his
fellow prisoners of war via a special, but forbidden, tap code. Unable to
use a pen, pencil, or paper to write anything down at all, he committed
thousands of words to memory, only to record them upon his release almost seven
years later. . . .
Borling became a serious poet when he met his high school
sweetheart and wife of almost 50 years Myrna. He’d always been a great lover of poetry – and a fan of the
Elizabethan sonnet:
“I’m a lover of the Elizabethan sonnet
because of the structure, the meter, the rhyme of that approach. In the
book I’ve used the Elizabethan sonnet a lot. The first eight lines
establish a theme, the next four counter the theme and the rhyming couplet
at the end resolves matters and all done in iambic pentameter and the rhyming
scheme that goes with it.” Borling comments that the rigor of
construction made for good use of time.
Borling attended the United States Air Force Academy where he received his
engineering degree but with a major in Humanities and a minor in
management in 1963.
In his book he describes how as a F-4 pilot he was shot down while he was
performing his 97th fighter mission based out of Ubon Air
Base, in Thailand on June 1, 1966.
“So, on that bright moonlit June night, it was low and fast over the
mountains northeast of Hanoi in an F-4 Phantom. Reaching the target area,
heavy ground fire ripped into the jet. Out of control. No
controls. Upside down. The jet was dead. I had to get
out. Eject. Ejected and hit the ground; it was that close.”
“I hit on a long, steep, furrowed hill
and went bouncing downhill like some kind of crazy jumping bean and ended up in
a beat-up heap at the bottom. That hill probably saved my life. I
was alive, but with disabling pain in my back, ribs, and ankles. There
was blood everywhere. I couldn’t walk. I was broken. The
locals were all around me, shooting into the bushes and jungle to flush me
out. I had to get away. I crawled into a log and passed out.”
When he regained consciousness, he crawled fifty yards to a traffic road
with the plan of hijacking a vehicle with his service revolver as his weapon
and a tree branch as a crutch. Unfortunately, the vehicle that stopped
was a truck full of North Vietnamese regular troops and, in less than 24 hours,
he was dragged into the Hoa Lo Prison aka the Hanoi Hilton, where he would be a
POW for six years and eight months.
The name Hoa Loa refers to a potter’s kin, but loosely translates to “hell’s
hole” or “fiery furnace.” It also is sometimes translated as
“stove” since the name originated from an actual street name, which consisted
of numerous stores that sold wood stoves and coal-fire stoves along the street
from the pre-colonial times. The prison buildings itself was built
by the French between 1886 and 1898 when Vietnam was still part of French
Indochina, and its intended prisoners were Vietnamese political
prisoners. And in the 1960s it became a prisoner of war camp for American
soldiers.
By the time Borling was dragged in, the prison consisted of numerous buildings
that would later be given nicknames by the POWs: Heartbreak Hotel, New
Guy Village, and Little Vegas. The walls were made of brick
and plaster, 20 foot long, 2 to 3 ½ feet thick, and topped with barbed wire and
broken glass. The entire compound was infested, bricked up, with no
ventilation.
The room Borling was confined in was 6-feet-by-7-feet with no windows, no
ventilation, an often-overflowing bucket for a toilet, and a mat for a
bed. He, like others, was also subjected to very harsh treatment and
lived in these conditions, in isolation or semi-isolation for years. He found
hope through a Being higher than himself.
“God responds to desperation and either becomes very close
or very distant. I believe that faith provided a strong rope to hang on
to - not just for me but also for the whole group of us. There were
multiple miracles that happened to me where divine providence had to be
involved--at least to my mind. I think that everyone who survived that
experience knew there was a great supporting factor that religion gave us.
People will follow a faith that is in common and in many respects
different than others but in the end responds to individual need. The
practice of religion was not encouraged, even punished, by our
captors. They did not understand it and knew that there was a power there
impossible to reign in. Faith for me, and I can only speak for me, was an
important component for battling those years and months.”
Borling also found comfort in the tap code that was
developed by Colonel Carlyle Smith “Smitty” Harris, who was shot down in 1965.
Borling describes the code in the introduction of Taps
On The Walls. “The easy-to-learn code uses a 5 x 5 square
numbered from 1 to 5 horizontally along the top and then again vertically down
the left side, with the letters of the alphabet running in order across each
row of boxes. Each letter is tapped with two numbers. The first tap
signifies which horizontal row is being used, and the second signifies which
vertical column for each letter. By example, to send the letter “O”, tap
three times, quick pause, then tap four times on the cell wall. Roger, or
“Got it,” was two taps (normally after every word). “Don’t understand” or
“Repeat” was a rapid series of taps. “Call up” was “shave and a
haircut.” The letter “C” is used for “K”, or tapped as a 2, 6. For
example “pilot” is tapped 3,5 2,4 3,1 3,4 4,4.
Nightly sign-off was “GBU” 2,2 1,2 4,5: God Bless You.”
Communicating through the walls, though forbidden and those committing the
forbidden act would be severely punished, was the primary factor in keeping
Borling and his fellow POWs from giving in completely to the despair, kept
their minds sharp, helped them overcome the isolation and loneliness, and was a
major tool in how to pass the long days and the long nights. The
first thing Borling tapped was his name.
“I wanted people to know that
I was alive. No one thought I was alive anyway due to the certain
circumstances in the crash. My wife said she could feel me. Three
years later – at 10 p.m. on a Saturday night – she was feeling particularly
down and there was a knock at the door and there were a couple of guys in
uniform, which is not a good sign. They told her that I was alive.
She had to labor without any contact with me for many years more. And I
labored without any contact.”
Borling epitomized the saying “art saves lives”
during those almost seven years of captivity by mentally creating poems and tapping
them to his fellow prisoners of war. Borling described the poems as very
private and a piece of his soul. His intention was to keep them private
and as a legacy for his wife Myrna and daughter Lauren, who was three months
old when he was shot down and 7 1/2 when he returned.
“The need was to keep faith with your fellows so you did
this through the walls with your chain of command, make sure people knew you
were alive, what demands were upon you, and keep your mind working to fill the
long hard days. Every morning you face that interminable 24-hour period
where you had to fight the way through it. To make time your ally – and
one of those ways was to pass poetry through the mind and through the walls.”
After many years of harsh treatment, Borling and his fellow
POWs found conditions improving to an extent. The POWs were placed in larger groups. Even still, the
POWs did experience some punishment.
“While
the Geneva Conventions were never fully respected, conditions approximated
a more POW like experience but the captors never relented that we were war
criminals and deserving to be punished and killed."
On February 23, 1973 Borling was officially no longer a prisoner of war, and
part of the 140 POWs, the first group, to be set free. Those men to be
released first were those who had been shot down first, still injured or
wounded.
Borling, along with the other POWs, were flown to Clark Air Base in the
Philippines where all were greeted with a celebratory reception, then placed on
busses and driven to the Clark Field Hospital. The first meal was a
buffet with rice and vegetable as well as good old American food. Borling along
with his fellow soldiers wanted the all American meal – breakfast.
“When you are really hungry you think
of the meal you want to have – steak and eggs and bacon and potatoes and toast
and coffee like a bunch of lumberjacks coming in from the field.
They thought we were going to be basket cases but were just a bunch of fighter
pilots wanting to get back to serious living.”
The first person he spoke to on the phone was Myrna, which he described as a
very odd conversation.
“We dealt with my absence much like I
went out to the store for groceries.”
It was agreed by the couple that Borling hopefully would be competitive enough
to rejoin the force and go back to the fighters. If not, then they would
join the civilian world. Fortunately, he was competitive enough and
would remain in the Air Force until August 1, 1996 when he retired as Major
General after 37 years.
At the hospital he was pleased that he and Darrell Pyle were in the same room.
He and Pyle had shared the same small cell for 3 ½ years at the Hanoi Hilton
and then were separated. They didn’t see each other until just before their
release.
“Darrell Pyle – and I were extremely
close – and we got together at the end. We moved in together again.”
The two men also snuck out of the hospital to go to the Base Exchange to get a
tape recorder so Borling could download his poems into the device and hopefully
preserve the poems. Borling told the clerk that he wanted a tape
recorder.
“The man came back with a shoe box thing and I told him I wanted a tape
recorder and not a radio.”
Borling and Pyle had experienced a small bit of culture shock – he was
expecting the only tape recorder he knew of before he became prisoner of war –
the kind with the reels.
“An hour after hitting Clark Air Field Base in the Philippines I owned a
cassette tape recorder. That was how we conserved the poems
initially.”
He continued to experience culture shock but only mildly, and with the help of
the Reader’s Digest special issue geared toward the POW While
You Were Away, Borling was able to overcome it and adapt.
“While You Were Away tried
to capture the six or seven years we were gone. There were elements – the
mini skirts came and gone, the cars were different, the feminist had reared up,
technology had changed, and there were a lot of stuff that was the same, and a
lot of stuff that was different. Myrna hung in there and we were still
there and we were able to put our life together.”
Borling’s primary goal was to return with honor. He dreamed of walking
his little girl to school. His daughter Lauren, who was three
months old when he became prisoner of war, was now 7 ½.
“The kids gave her a hard time because
she didn’t have a father and she wanted to show me off. The Chicago Tribune had stalked us and
got a picture of me walking her to school.”
Neither Borling nor his daughter Lauren was aware of the photo until November
2010 when they attended the exhibition Service Over Self. Someone had
found the photo and turned it into a big banner.
“We walked in and saw that picture for the first time and my forty something
daughter collapsed in my arms crying. Of course, I’m a big tough guy so I
was totally unaffected, right? I collapsed in her arms crying.”
When Borling returned that February of 1973 he told Myrna about his poems he
had tapped all those years. It was agreed that the poems would remain
private.
“It’s all very private stuff and that
is why we kept it buried and just to ourselves for all these years.”
The town fathers of Rockford approached Borling and Myrna about the Service
Over Self project and asked if they would consider submitting his poems as an
exhibit at the Memorial Hall in Rockford, Illinois. The exhibit was
geared toward Borling and his 37-year career in the United States Air
Force.
The couple agreed to make the poems public at the exhibit due to
numerous reasons – they wanted to help out with the exhibit, pieces of the
poems had already been leaked over the years, and close friends and family
wanted them to share the poems with the public.
It seemed only fitting that when approached by Master Wings Publishing, the new
imprint of the Pritsker Military Library in Chicago, to publish the poems in
book form to commemorate the 40th
anniversary of the release of the POWs – the answer would be a positive and
complete yes.
Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton is divided
into four sections. The first expresses a passion for the sky and the
great missing of the freedom that flying provides. The second section
speaks of the dark, hard days, when an awful loneliness and punishment and pain
were routine. The third section deals with “the Holidays” and the need to
remember, and be grateful but offset the enormity of prolonged and uncertain
incarceration. Finally, the fourth, SEA Story (South East Asia Story), is
an epic poem that took many years to compose and, as Borling notes, “offers commentary on just about
everything.” The
book includes a glossary of military, aviation, and historical terms as well as
substantial introduction and other supplementary material that gives insight
into the total work.
Borling’s friend and colleague Senator John McCain wrote the foreword to the
book.
“John did the foreword which was very
generous. We lived together for a time in North Vietnam. I
support John politically. I think he’s a fine American. Don’t
agree with everything he says but who does? I think he has the best
approach which is country first.”
There will be a 40th year reunion with all the POWs on May
23 to May 26 in Newport, California at the Richard Nixon Presidential
Library. This will be the second time the POWs have come together – the
first was at the White House in May of 1973, when President Richard Nixon
invited all of the POWS to tour the entire White House, including his own
personal and family quarters. Six months after that event 50 children
were born, one of which was Borling’s daughter, Megan.
“This is the one where we will have an informal accounting of what we all
have done for our community, city, state, and nation. There is a sense of
lifelong commitment and the need to give back to country."
Presently, Borling is working on another book titled Comrade
and Emperor: Be Your Own Best Friend and Ruler of Your Soul.
In the book he takes quotes from Russia’s Vladimir Lenin and France’s Napoleon
Bonaparte.
“I take quotes from these two historical figures, adding my own words
and philosophical spin around those quotes, with a view to offering themes of
renewal and encouragement and some humor too.”
Borling not only writes but he also gives speeches around the country. He speaks on the “Eight Virtues of Leadership”,
four principles from the Greeks and an additional four that he added
himself. He maintains
that here is one principle that stands out and is represented by Taps
on the Walls.
“It is the seventh principal that I commend to you because it is the essence of
the human condition – and it is the ability to create. And I argue,
I would hope, persuasively, that we need to put an emphasis on the study and
practice of liberal arts because that is what democracy needs in terms of an
informed and an involved electorate. We need to have people who are
thoughtful and are comfortable with the thoughts of the millennium. And
to project those thoughts into our own experiences in families, communities,
cities, countries, and nations.”
Go to Service Over Self’s website at www.sosamerica.org or www.tapsonthewalls.com for more information.
