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***This is the fifty-seventh
in a never-ending series called BACKSTORY OF THE POEM where the Chris
Rice Cooper Blog (CRC) focuses on one specific poem and how the poet wrote
that specific poem. All BACKSTORY OF THE POEM links are at the end
of this piece.
Bottom Left: Camille T Dungy in front of a Indie Bookstore with her poem "Nulipara" in the window. April 23, 2018. Copyright permission granted by Camille T Dungy for this CRC Blog Post Only.
by Camille T. Dungy
Can you go through the step-by-step
process of writing this poem from the moment the idea was first conceived in
your brain until final form? There is a lot of writing that happens for me in an
unarticulated way—that’s not written down as I work through the poem. That’s where the leaps happen that take me to what I recognize as poetic thinking. Something seems to change in the music of the language and the vividness of the images in this progress, though I can’t always clearly articulate the precise steps that get me through the changes.
unarticulated way—that’s not written down as I work through the poem. That’s where the leaps happen that take me to what I recognize as poetic thinking. Something seems to change in the music of the language and the vividness of the images in this progress, though I can’t always clearly articulate the precise steps that get me through the changes.
“Natural History” was written during a time when I was
mostly composing on the computer—making the changes on the computer rather than
by hand. So what changes I have are recorded only because I saved entirely new
files. I don’t tend to like this method of revision because it doesn’t leave a
record you can return to. There aren’t as many print outs with scribbles as
drafts of my poems will sometimes produce because I was trying to reduce paper
waste.
What I can tell you is that I visited the California Museum
of Oakland with some other poets in the spring of 2015.
Jane Hirshfield, Brenda Hillman, Stephen Motika and Reginald Harris were among the group. We all got to see some of the museum’s collection, and a hummingbird nest was among the artifacts we could touch. I found the nest magical, and I couldn’t stop thinking about it for a long time.
Jane Hirshfield, Brenda Hillman, Stephen Motika and Reginald Harris were among the group. We all got to see some of the museum’s collection, and a hummingbird nest was among the artifacts we could touch. I found the nest magical, and I couldn’t stop thinking about it for a long time.
The Rufus Hummingbird is a migratory bird (Below), and I started
thinking about the ways I understood my need to move, but also my need to
return to various places I call home. At one point in the production of the
poem that’s more of what I was focusing on, the question of migration. Somehow,
in this process, Mrs. Jeffers came into my mind. And then the poem took off and
I left most of that other stuff behind.
That’s how I remember it, at least. But working on this for
you, I’m seeing a different record. I can see where I chipped away at ideas to
hone them and tighten them. Where I cut out whole lines of narrative and logic.
Where I pushed in more deeply to others. My answers down through these
questions will speak to some of these places where the poem changed during the
process of drafting it. (Right: Camille T Dungy in her garden in Colorado. April of 2018. Copyright permission granted by Camille T Dungy for this CRC Blog Post Only.
Where were you when you started to
actually write the poem? And please describe the place in great detail. Well, as I said, the
poem got its start in the artifacts room in the California Museum of Oakland, a
wonderful Bay Area institution. When I think of it to describe it in detail I
remember their First Fridays celebrations, with food trucks, music, and art
activities for the kids. I remember their koi pond (Above Left) and their giant stairs. I
remember the place as entirely welcoming.
We were members and went a lot when we lived in the Bay Area. But at the time of the visit when I held the hummingbird nest, my family wasn’t living in Oakland anymore, so I am overlaying different memories onto this description.
We were members and went a lot when we lived in the Bay Area. But at the time of the visit when I held the hummingbird nest, my family wasn’t living in Oakland anymore, so I am overlaying different memories onto this description.
On the day I held the bird’s nest, we poets were exploring
the natural history collection primarily. I also remember learning things about
the bears of California, (Right: Attributed to California Museum of Oakland) some butterflies, some plants.
I hadn’t lived in California for about 18 months. I’d flown
in from Colorado, and so I was already probably thinking about being displaced
from California, separated from the place I thought of most frequently when I
tried to conjure a sense of home. The poem would have actually been written in
my home in Colorado, but I have no image/memory of that writing space when I
think of the creation of the poem. Isn’t that funny?
The apartment in Oakland I imagine when I think about this
poem had a back deck that looked over a burbling creek. I could hear the creek
from the study I shared with my husband. (Left) That study was packed floor to ceiling
with all our books, and papers, and the junk of two active writers’ lives.
There’s a big window facing the cul-de-sac, with a view of a blue spruce tree and the Front Range of the Rockies. That space, the space where I would have written most of the drafts of this poem, was deep in the background in my imagination. I don’t have any recollection of its gray carpet or bright windows. Even though in early drafts I mention Colorado, I’ve cut that place out of memories related to this poem. (Above Right and Left: Flowers blooming in the yard of Camille T. Dungy's Colorado home. Copyright permission granted by Camille T. Dungy for this CRC Blog Post Only)
What month and year did you start
writing this poem? Were there any lines in any of your rough drafts of this
poem that were not in the final version? And can you share them with us? According to my
calendar, I was at the museum on March 17, 2015. I started writing the poem
fairly soon after that. There’s a note in my journal from that day.
I found a document that was first created May 5, 2015 and
revised May 7. It has two whole stanzas that don’t appear any longer. One thing
this early draft reveals to me is there was an additional trigger I had
completely forgotten, because it was wiped out of the final version of the poem.
I’d gone to visit the University of Connecticut at Storrs somewhere near the
end of a brutal East Coast winter. The sidewalks were slick with snow run-off,
and I was struck by how different that was from where I grew up in California. I’ll
include the first few stanzas here, so you can see here how quickly I started
into the poem that was published after I moved past the triggering details
about the snowmelt. It even seems as if I stopped mid-though in the second
stanza of this draft. What is that “Not” connected to? This untitled draft
jumps straight from that incomplete sentence to the complete thought that would
become “Natural History”:
Winter had been especially
what it is expected to be
in those parts. A thick misery
of blizzards punctuated by
school closures. Unmitigated
melt turned upper campus
walkways
to spring beds.
I haven't lived there for
thirty
years now, but in the place I
grew
up we drove to snow then drove
back
home when we wanted. I think
this
means something about who I am
capable of becoming. Not
The Rufous hummingbird builds
her nest
of moss and spider webs and
lichen.
I held one once—smaller than my
palm
and sturdy in its fragility.
Stop
moving so much, an old woman
I knew back in Virginia told
me.
Why her words come to me, the
woman
dead for the better part of
this new
century, while I think of that
nest
of web and lichen, I cannot
say,
but she had known my mother's
parents.
More digging in the files on my computer reveals an even
earlier poem draft, typed on May 1, 2015. This file was called “The name of the
mummy.” I can’t even tell you why I gave the file that title, except that I
must have been valuing the idea of what gets lost over time, like the specific
names and identities of people who have died.
It seems that in this version I was thinking a lot about a 2014
trip I’d taken to London and the British Museum (Right). Here are some lines from that
version:
I also thought that maybe, I am
more like the hummingbirds
who pass through my new
Colorado home town on their way
to and from the mountains than
I am like the woman
whose body I saw last year at
the British Museum.
When she died, they threw her
body in a pit and everything
liquid inside her leeched into
her native sand. She is always,
then, somewhere besides where
her body resides. I like it
right
here where I am, said the old woman I used to know
in Virginia.
You can see one line
that held over into the final version of “Natural History.” “I like
it/right here where I am.” Though even that looks different on the page in the final
version of the poem. None of this information about the museum, or even the
fact that I live in Colorado, makes it directly into the final version. I
probably took these lines of inquiry out because I wanted to focus on the
tension between California and Virginia rather than all the other places this
draft brought into the conversation. (Above Left: Camille T Dungy reading from her poetry collection Trophir Cascade, which includes the poem "Natural History". Copyright permission granted by Camille T. Dungy for this CRC Blog Post Only)
The May 1 draft is 67
flabby lines. The May 5/7 draft is down to 42 lines and has a lot more lines
that, in spirit or fact, stay through to the poem that was collected in Trophic Cascade:
The whole lot of them, even
then,
in their twenties, must already
have been old as God—that daily
election called between safety
and sanity too often tore
them down. The woman's husband
had been a laborer, what sort
I regret I don't remember.
He sat on their front porch all
day,
near his oxygen tank, waving
to the occasional passing
Buicks and Fords, praising the
black
walnut tree that shaded the
yard.
She left the porch sometimes to
cook.
Mostly, the Virginia breeze
passed
through the porch eaves and we
listened
to the swing chains. No one talked much
when I visited.
up until a later draft. Neither of these two versions have the information about the sofas or the moth balls. I remember feeling a rush of excitement when I came to those images, and the shifting of expected language they allowed.
How many drafts of this poem did you
write before going to the final? It’s hard to say how many drafts because I composed so much
of this on the computer. I can only really see it if I made major changes. The
details and dates of small shifts from lines like “that daily/ election called
between safety/and sanity” to the final version’s “the daily elections/ called
for between their safety and their sanity/ must have torn even the strongest of
them down.” would only show up if I saved the poem as a new document.
At some point, for
instance, I realized that the last time my grandparents lived in that place was
closer to 1952, not 1942, so that’s why I changed the date. I can’t say I’d
call such a revision a new draft, nor that I would have even noted the change
on a
marked up print out of the poem, but it’s an important change that would show up at some point in a new version somewhere along the line. A version of the whole Trophic Cascade manuscript dated July 7, 2015 shows the poem appearing almost exactly as it does in the book. So that’s a pretty quick progression from the messy draft I was working with in May.
marked up print out of the poem, but it’s an important change that would show up at some point in a new version somewhere along the line. A version of the whole Trophic Cascade manuscript dated July 7, 2015 shows the poem appearing almost exactly as it does in the book. So that’s a pretty quick progression from the messy draft I was working with in May.
Which part of the poem was the most
emotional of you to write and why? I still smile when I think of Mrs. Jeffers’ yeast roll recipe.
And I still miss her. Rendering her clearly in the poem was and continues to be
important, and moving, to me.
Has this poem been published before? And if so where? Timothy Donnelly asked for a poem for Boston Review and so I put some elbow grease into polishing this up and sending it to him. I know that the Boston Review version has a few minor differences from what appears in the book, but these differences are on the level of the word, and centered around the part where I am naming Oakland, the museum, and Court Street. Court Street was the church where my grandfather was the minister and where Mrs. Jeffers attended until her death, but I decided this wasn’t a relevant detail for the poem. Thanks to the Boston Review publication, “Natural History” poem was honored with a Pushcart Prize and published in that anthology. In 2017, it appeared as the first poem in my 4th collection, Trophic Cascade. Now you’re reading is here!
Natural History
The Rufous hummingbird builds her nest
of moss and spider webs and lichen.
I held one once—smaller than my palm,
but sturdy. I would have told Mrs. Jeffers,
from Court Street, if in those days of constant flights
between Virginia and the West I’d happened
on that particular museum. Any chance
I could, I’d leave my rented house in Lynchburg.
I hated the feeling of stuckness that old city’s humidity
implied. You need to stop running away so much,
Mrs. Jeffers would say when my visits were over
and I leaned down to hug her. Why her words
come to me, the woman dead for the better part
of this new century, while I think of that
nest of web and lichen, I cannot rightly say.
She had once known my mother’s parents.
The whole lot of them, even then, in their twenties,
must already have been as old as God. They were
black—the kind name for them in those days
would have been Negroes—and the daily elections
called for between their safety and their sanity
must have torn even the strongest of them down.
Mr. Jeffers had been a laborer. The sort, I regret,
I don’t remember. He sat on their front porch
all day, near his oxygen tank, waving occasionally
to passing Buicks and Fords, praising the black
walnut that shaded their yard. She would leave
the porch sometimes to prepare their meals.
I still have her yeast roll recipe. The best
I’ve ever tried. Mostly, though, the same Virginian
breeze that encouraged Thomas Jefferson’s
tomatoes passed warmly through their porch eaves
while we listened to the swing chains, and no one
talked or moved too much at all. Little had changed
in that house since 1952. I guess it’s no surprise
they’d come to mind when I think of that cup
of spider webs and moss, made softer by the feathers
of some long-gone bird. She used to say, I like it
right here where I am. In my little house. Here,
with him. I thought her small-minded. In the winter,
I didn’t visit very often. Their house was closed up
and overheated. Everything smelled of chemical
mothballs. She had plastic wrappers on the sofas
and chairs. Everyone must have once
held someone as old and small and precious as this.
of moss and spider webs and lichen.
I held one once—smaller than my palm,
but sturdy. I would have told Mrs. Jeffers,
from Court Street, if in those days of constant flights
between Virginia and the West I’d happened
on that particular museum. Any chance
I could, I’d leave my rented house in Lynchburg.
I hated the feeling of stuckness that old city’s humidity
implied. You need to stop running away so much,
Mrs. Jeffers would say when my visits were over
and I leaned down to hug her. Why her words
come to me, the woman dead for the better part
of this new century, while I think of that
nest of web and lichen, I cannot rightly say.
She had once known my mother’s parents.
The whole lot of them, even then, in their twenties,
must already have been as old as God. They were
black—the kind name for them in those days
would have been Negroes—and the daily elections
called for between their safety and their sanity
must have torn even the strongest of them down.
Mr. Jeffers had been a laborer. The sort, I regret,
I don’t remember. He sat on their front porch
all day, near his oxygen tank, waving occasionally
to passing Buicks and Fords, praising the black
walnut that shaded their yard. She would leave
the porch sometimes to prepare their meals.
I still have her yeast roll recipe. The best
I’ve ever tried. Mostly, though, the same Virginian
breeze that encouraged Thomas Jefferson’s
tomatoes passed warmly through their porch eaves
while we listened to the swing chains, and no one
talked or moved too much at all. Little had changed
in that house since 1952. I guess it’s no surprise
they’d come to mind when I think of that cup
of spider webs and moss, made softer by the feathers
of some long-gone bird. She used to say, I like it
right here where I am. In my little house. Here,
with him. I thought her small-minded. In the winter,
I didn’t visit very often. Their house was closed up
and overheated. Everything smelled of chemical
mothballs. She had plastic wrappers on the sofas
and chairs. Everyone must have once
held someone as old and small and precious as this.
Camille T. Dungy
is the author of four collections of poetry, most recently Trophic Cascade (Wesleyan UP, 2017), winner of the Colorado
Book Award, and the essay
collection Guidebook to Relative Strangers: Journeys into Race, Motherhood
and History (W.W. Norton, 2017), a finalist for the National Book
Critics Circle Award. Both appeared in paperback this fall. Dungy has also
edited anthologies
including Black Nature: Four Centuries of African American Nature Poetry and From the Fishouse: An Anthology of Poems that Sing, Rhyme, Resound, Syncopate, Alliterate, and Just Plain Sound Great.
Her honors include NEA Fellowships in poetry (2003) and prose (2018), an American Book Award, two Northern California Book Awards, two NAACP Image Award nominations, and she was named a Hurston/Wright Legacy Award honoree in two categories in 2018.
Dungy’s poems have been published in Best American Poetry, The 100 Best African American Poems, Best American Travel Writing, and over thirty other anthologies. She is a professor at Colorado State University.
including Black Nature: Four Centuries of African American Nature Poetry and From the Fishouse: An Anthology of Poems that Sing, Rhyme, Resound, Syncopate, Alliterate, and Just Plain Sound Great.
Her honors include NEA Fellowships in poetry (2003) and prose (2018), an American Book Award, two Northern California Book Awards, two NAACP Image Award nominations, and she was named a Hurston/Wright Legacy Award honoree in two categories in 2018.
Dungy’s poems have been published in Best American Poetry, The 100 Best African American Poems, Best American Travel Writing, and over thirty other anthologies. She is a professor at Colorado State University.
www.camilledungy.com
BACKSTORY OF THE POEM
LINKS
001 December 29, 2017
Margo
Berdeshevksy’s “12-24”
002 January 08, 2018
Alexis
Rhone Fancher’s “82 Miles From the Beach, We Order The Lobster At Clear Lake
Café”
003 January 12, 2018
Barbara
Crooker’s “Orange”
004 January 22, 2018
Sonia
Saikaley’s “Modern Matsushima”
005 January 29, 2018
Ellen
Foos’s “Side Yard”
006 February 03, 2018
Susan
Sundwall’s “The Ringmaster”
007 February 09, 2018
Leslea
Newman’s “That Night”
008 February 17, 2018
Alexis
Rhone Fancher “June Fairchild Isn’t Dead”
009 February 24, 2018
Charles
Clifford Brooks III “The Gift of the Year With Granny”
010 March 03, 2018
Scott
Thomas Outlar’s “The Natural Reflection of Your Palms”
011 March 10, 2018
Anya
Francesca Jenkins’s “After Diane Beatty’s Photograph “History Abandoned”
012 March 17, 2018
Angela
Narciso Torres’s “What I Learned This Week”
013 March 24, 2018
Jan
Steckel’s “Holiday On ICE”
014 March 31, 2018
Ibrahim
Honjo’s “Colors”
015 April 14, 2018
Marilyn
Kallett’s “Ode to Disappointment”
016 April 27, 2018
Beth
Copeland’s “Reliquary”
017 May 12, 2018
Marlon
L Fick’s “The Swallows of Barcelona”
018 May 25, 2018
Juliet
Cook’s “ARTERIAL DISCOMBOBULATION”
019 June 09, 2018
Alexis
Rhone Fancher’s “Stiletto Killer. . . A Surmise”
020 June 16, 2018
Charles
Rammelkamp’s “At Last I Can Start Suffering”
021 July 05, 2018
Marla
Shaw O’Neill’s “Wind Chimes”
022 July 13, 2018
Julia Gordon-Bramer’s
“Studying Ariel”
023 July 20, 2018
Bill Yarrow’s “Jesus
Zombie”
024 July 27, 2018
Telaina Eriksen’s “Brag
2016”
025 August 01, 2018
Seth Berg’s “It is only
Yourself that Bends – so Wake up!”
026 August 07, 2018
David Herrle’s “Devil In
the Details”
027 August 13, 2018
Gloria Mindock’s “Carmen
Polo, Lady Necklaces, 2017”
028 August 21, 2018
Connie Post’s “Two
Deaths”
029 August 30, 2018
Mary Harwell Sayler’s
“Faces in a Crowd”
030 September 16, 2018
Larry Jaffe’s “The
Risking Point”
031 September 24,
2018
Mark Lee Webb’s “After
We Drove”
032 October 04, 2018
Melissa Studdard’s
“Astral”
033 October 13, 2018
Robert Craven’s “I Have
A Bass Guitar Called Vanessa”
034 October 17, 2018
David Sullivan’s “Paper
Mache Peaches of Heaven”
035 October 23, 2018
Timothy Gager’s
“Sobriety”
036 October 30, 2018
Gary Glauber’s “The
Second Breakfast”
037 November 04, 2018
Heather Forbes-McKeon’s
“Melania’s Deaf Tone Jacket”
038 November 11, 2018
Andrena Zawinski’s
“Women of the Fields”
039 November 00, 2018
Gordon Hilger’s “Poe”
040 November 16, 2018
Rita Quillen’s “My
Children Question Me About Poetry” and “Deathbed Dreams”
041 November 20, 2018
Jonathan Kevin Rice’s
“Dog Sitting”
042 November 22, 2018
Haroldo Barbosa Filho’s
“Mountain”
043 November 27, 2018
Megan Merchant’s “Grief
Flowers”
044 November 30, 2018
Jonathan P Taylor’s
“This poem is too neat”
045 December 03, 2018
Ian Haight’s “Sungmyo
for our Dead Father-in-Law”
046 December 06, 2018
Nancy Dafoe’s “Poem in
the Throat”
047 December 11, 2018
Jeffrey Pearson’s
“Memorial Day”
048 December 14, 2018
Frank Paino’s “Laika”
049 December 15, 2018
Jennifer Martelli’s “Anniversary”
O50 December 19, 2018
Joseph Ross’s “For Gilberto Ramos, 15, Who Died in
the Texas Desert, June 2014”
051 December 23, 2018
“The Persistence of
Music”
by Anatoly Molotkov
052 December 27, 2018
“Under Surveillance”
by Michael Farry
053 December 28, 2018
“Grand Finale”
by Renuka Raghavan
054 December 29, 2018
“Aftermath”
by Gene Barry
055 January 2, 2019
“&”
by Larissa Shmailo
056 January 7, 2019
“The Seamstress:
by Len Kuntz
057 January 10, 2019
“Natural History”
by Camille T Dungy
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